38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. ‘Voluntary Guidelines on the Governance of Tenure’, Food & Agriculture Organization, 2021. Available online: https://www.fao. org/3/i3016e/i3016e.pdf ‘EU-Uzbekistan Agreement.’ Available online: https://policy.trade. ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countriesand-regions/central-asia/documents_en ‘Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+)’, European Commission. Available online: https://trade.ec.europa.eu/access-tomarkets/en/content/generalised-scheme-preferences-plus-gsp 53. 54. 55. 56. Conventions, GSP+ Hub. Available online: https://gsphub.eu/ conventions ‘EU-Uzbekistan Cooperation Drives Agribusiness Growth, Rising Trade’, Delegation of the European Union to Uzbekistan, 14 June 2023. Available online: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/uzbekistan/ eu-uzbekistan-cooperation-drives-agribusiness-growth-rising-trade_ en?s=233 ‘EU committed to support Uzbekistan Agricultural sector’, The Diplomatic Insight, 16 June 2023. Available online: https:// thediplomaticinsight.com/eu-committed-to-support-uzbekistanagricultural-sector/ 57. 58. 59. ‘Addressing the Human Rights Impact of “Land Grabbing”’, European Parliament, 2014. Available online: https://www. europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/534984/EXPO_ STU(2014)534984_EN.pdf On the Allocation of Land to the Private Enterprise Steel Quality Business, Tashkent City Mayor, decree no.1544, 21 November 2017. 60. On Local Government Authority (1993), law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Available online: https://lex.uz/docs/112168 ‘Regulation On the Procedure for Compensation of Losses to Citizens and Legal Entities in Connection with Seizure of Land Plots for State and Public Needs’, contained in On Approval of the Regulations on the Procedure for Compensation of Losses to Citizens and Legal Entities in Connection with Seizure of Land Plots for State and Public Needs, Cabinet of Ministers resolution no. 97, 29 May 2006. Available online: https://lex.uz/docs/1004599 61. 62. 63. As per prior June 2022 version of the article. Land Code (1998), Republic of Uzbekistan. Available online: https://lex.uz/docs/149947 64. Mukhammadiev Aktam Zainiddinovich, Deputy Minister of Justice, Letter to Niyozbek Yuli Residents, 26 August 2022. ‘In cases of receipt from legal entities and individuals of an application for the provision of land plots occupied by buildings and structures, the rights to which are registered for other individuals and legal entities in the manner prescribed by law, the applicant is sent a notification about the impossibility of providing the requested land plot, with a proposal to independently redeem the immovable property from the owners or other options for choosing free land plots.’ See article 12 of Measures to Radically Simplify the System of Granting Land for Urban Development and Other Non-Agricultural Needs, as well as the Issuance of Permits for the Construction of Facilities, Cabinet of Ministers decree no. 54, 25 February 2013. Available online: https://lex.uz/docs/2138919 S. Azimov, Head of the Secretariat, Human Rights Ombudsman, letter to Niyozbek Yuli residents, 30 November 2022. 68 A False Sense of Legality ‘Namuna Development provides a mortgage for an apartment in the NUR residential complex’, Gazeta, 7 June 2021. Available online: https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/06/07/namuna-development Steel Quality Business, company extract, Unified Register of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs, Republic of Uzbekistan, accessed 26 June 2020. Ibid, accessed 12 April 2022. Technological Generation, company extract, Unified Register of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs, Republic of Uzbekistan, accessed 12 April 2022. Ibid, accessed 12 September 2022. Unit Great Trade, company extract, Unified Register of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs, Republic of Uzbekistan, accessed 10 May 2022. Leading Force Company ‘demonstrated a clear and timely fulfilment of its obligations under the loan received from the Joint Stock Innovative Commercial Bank “Ipak Yuli’’ under Loan Agreement No. R007/04 dated January 21, 2004 from the funds of the credit line of KfV Bank (Germany), and proved to be a conscientious and creditworthy client. Let me express my sincere gratitude to you for the trust placed in our Bank. We wish success and prosperity to your business and look forward to further strengthening partnerships with your organization.’ Letter from chairman of the board, Ipak Yuli Bank, to Leading Force Company, 1 December 2007. Asian Development Bank, Extended Annual Review Report – Equity Investments in Ipak Yuli Bank, November 2020. Available online: adb. org/sites/default/files/project-documents/41953/41953-014-xarr-en. pdf (accessed 19 May 2023) ‘Company and management structure’, Alfa Invest Insurance. Available online: https://alfainvest.uz/?page_id=10200&lang=ru (accessed 22 November 2024) Zamon Plus Sarmoya, Annual General Meeting, Meeting Minutes, 30 June 2017. Asian Development Bank, Extended Annual Review Report – Equity Investments in Ipak Yuli Bank, November 2020. Available online: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/projectdocuments/41953/41953-014-xarr-en.pdf (accessed 19 May 2023) ‘Alfa Invest applies international insurance experience in the Uzbek market’, Alfa Invest. Available online: https://alfainvest.uz/ru/ international-experience (accessed 30 June 2022) 65. Personal Communication, Fathulla Tashpulatov, 24 April 2022. 66. Statement of claim, Steel Quality Business, 10 March 2021. 67. Video testimony, Farida Langer, 24 April 2022. 68. 69. 70. Letter from Yusupov U.I, Director, Steel Quality Business, to Farida Langer, 22 December 2020. Statement of claim, Steel Quality Business, 10 March 2021. About Additional Measures to Ensure the Guarantees of Property Rights of Physical and Legal Entities and to Improve the Procedure for Expropriation and Compensation of Land Plots, Cabinet of Ministers decree no. 911, 16 November 2019. Available online: https://lex.uz/docs/4597630

Select target paragraph3